References

Question 3: Organizational Integrity and Applied Ethics.

These works contributed significantly to the development of the Organizational Integrity approach. Arranged by importance to the topic rather than alphabetically or chronologically, they-and other works-may be secured through this site by arrangement with Amazon.com.

Organizational Learning and Flow:

The basic works on flow are by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. But his works are perhaps best understood when read together with Aristotle's Ethics and Politics and other modern writers.

Aristotle identified happiness as the ultimate goal of human beings, but that it was a happiness born of human activity. "Happiness (flourishing) is an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue." Victor Frankl points to the human need for struggling toward a worthwhile goal, freely chosen. Csikszentmihalyi's works, as digested in the answer to question three, bring these together. Peter M. Senge distinguishes between emotional tension (stress) and creative tension. Robert Fritz writes of "structural tension." A UK writer describes this as constructive tension. Patricia Benner, applying the work of Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus, demonstrates how moving from novice to expert also moves from rules-following to intuitive behavior.

Our contribution is to synthesize these writings and show how they can be graphically displayed demonstrating that learning & growth will necessarily follow work that is intrinsically valued.

• Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991. (Consciousness)
• ________. The Evolving Self: A Psychology for the Third Millennium. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993. (Complexity)
• ________. Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life. New York: BasicBooks, 1997.
• Frankl, Victor. Man's Search for Meaning. Rev. and updated. New York: Washington Sq. Press, 1998.
• Senge, Peter M. The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Currency Doubleday, 1991.
• Fritz, Robert. The Path of Least Resistance: Learning to Become the Creative Force in Your Life. Rev. exp. edition. New York: Fawcett Books, 1989.
• Fritz, Robert. The Path of Least Resistance for Managers: Designing Organizations to Succeed. New York: Publishers Group West, 1999.
• Kohn, Alfie. No Contest: The Case Against Competition. Rev. ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992.
• ________. Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A's, Praise, and Other Bribes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993. (Argues for intrinsic value and against manipulative rewards.)
• ________. The Brighter Side of Human Nature: Altruism Empathy in Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books, 1992.
• ________. Beyond Discipline: From Compliance to Community. Alexandria, VA: Assn. for Supervision & Curriculum Development, 1996.
• Benner, Patricia E. From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice. Addison-Wesley Pub., 1984.
• Dreyfus, Hubert L. Stuart, and Tom Athanasiou. Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer. Free Press, 1988.